Assessment of Spatiotemporal Patterns and the Effect of the Relationship between Meteorological Drought and Vegetation Dynamics in the Yangtze River Basin Based on Remotely Sensed Data

Global climate change and human activities have increased the frequency severity of droughts. This has become a critical factor affecting vegetation growth diversity, resulting in detrimental effects on agricultural production, ecosystem stability, socioeconomic development. Therefore, assessing response dynamics to drought can offer valuable insights into physiological mechanisms terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we applied long-term datasets (2001–2020) solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) normalized difference index (NDVI) unveil their relationship meteorological (SPEI) across different types Yangtze River Basin (YRB). Linear correlation analysis was conducted determine maximum association SPEI with SIF NDVI; then compared responses drought. The improved partial wavelet coherence (PWC) method utilized quantitatively assess influences large-scale patterns solar activity between results show that: (1) Droughts were frequent YRB from 2001 2020, summer’s dry wet conditions exerted notable influence annual climate. (2) exhibits more significant than NDVI. (3) NDVI longer time (3–6 months) (1–4 months). Both respond faster cropland grassland but slower evergreen broadleaf mixed forests. (4) There exists positive during 4–16 months period. teleconnection factors Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño Southern (ENSO), sunspots are crucial drivers that affect interaction vegetation, having most impact. Generally, our study indicates is an essential environmental stressor disrupts over YRB. Additionally, demonstrates great potential monitoring These findings will be meaningful for prevention conservation planning